Working principle and structure of AC generator set
2022-10-13
1、 Structure
The basic structure of the diesel generator set is composed of a diesel engine and a generator. The diesel engine drives the generator to generate electricity.
First, let's talk about the basic structure of the diesel engine: it is composed of cylinder, piston, cylinder head, intake valve, exhaust valve, piston pin, connecting rod, crankshaft, bearing, flywheel and other components. The diesel engine of the diesel generator is generally a single cylinder or multi cylinder four stroke diesel engine. The following is just about the basic working principle of the single cylinder four stroke diesel engine: diesel engine starting is to rotate the diesel engine crankshaft by manpower or other power to make the piston reciprocating up and down in the top closed cylinder. The piston completes four strokes in motion: intake stroke, compression stroke, combustion and work (expansion) stroke and exhaust stroke. When the piston moves up and down, the inlet valve opens, and the fresh air filtered by the air filter enters the cylinder to complete the intake stroke. The piston moves from bottom to top, the intake and exhaust valves are closed, the air is compressed, the temperature and pressure increase, and the compression process is completed. When the piston is about to reach the top, the fuel injector sprays the filtered fuel into the combustion chamber in the form of mist and mixes it with high temperature and high pressure air to ignite and burn automatically immediately. The high pressure formed pushes the piston to work downward, drives the crankshaft to rotate, and completes the work stroke. After the work stroke is completed, the piston moves from down to up, and the exhaust valve is opened for exhaust to complete the exhaust stroke. The crankshaft rotates half a turn per stroke. After several working cycles, the diesel engine gradually accelerates into operation under the inertia of the flywheel.
When the crankshaft of the diesel engine rotates, it drives the generator to rotate and generate electricity. The generator includes a DC generator and an AC generator.
2、 Principle
DC generator is mainly composed of generator casing, magnetic pole iron core, magnetic field coil, armature and carbon brush.
Working power generation principle: when the diesel engine drives the generator armature to rotate, the armature coil will cut the magnetic line of force in the magnetic field because of the remanence of the magnetic pole iron core of the generator. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, the current is generated by magnetic induction and output through the carbon brush.
The alternator is mainly composed of a number of permanent magnets (called rotors) with alternating north and south poles made of magnetic materials and armature coils (called stators) made of silicon cast iron and wound with a number of groups of series coils. Working power generation principle: the rotor is driven by the diesel engine to cut the magnetic line axially. The alternating magnetic field is formed in the coil iron core by the alternating magnetic poles in the stator. When the rotor rotates for one circle, the direction and size of the magnetic flux are changed for many times. Due to the transformation of the magnetic field, the induced current with both large and small directions will be generated in the coil and the current will be transmitted by the stator coil.
In order to protect the electrical equipment and maintain its normal operation, the current generated by the generator also needs to be regulated and controlled by the regulator.
The basic structure of the diesel generator set is composed of a diesel engine and a generator. The diesel engine drives the generator to generate electricity.
First, let's talk about the basic structure of the diesel engine: it is composed of cylinder, piston, cylinder head, intake valve, exhaust valve, piston pin, connecting rod, crankshaft, bearing, flywheel and other components. The diesel engine of the diesel generator is generally a single cylinder or multi cylinder four stroke diesel engine. The following is just about the basic working principle of the single cylinder four stroke diesel engine: diesel engine starting is to rotate the diesel engine crankshaft by manpower or other power to make the piston reciprocating up and down in the top closed cylinder. The piston completes four strokes in motion: intake stroke, compression stroke, combustion and work (expansion) stroke and exhaust stroke. When the piston moves up and down, the inlet valve opens, and the fresh air filtered by the air filter enters the cylinder to complete the intake stroke. The piston moves from bottom to top, the intake and exhaust valves are closed, the air is compressed, the temperature and pressure increase, and the compression process is completed. When the piston is about to reach the top, the fuel injector sprays the filtered fuel into the combustion chamber in the form of mist and mixes it with high temperature and high pressure air to ignite and burn automatically immediately. The high pressure formed pushes the piston to work downward, drives the crankshaft to rotate, and completes the work stroke. After the work stroke is completed, the piston moves from down to up, and the exhaust valve is opened for exhaust to complete the exhaust stroke. The crankshaft rotates half a turn per stroke. After several working cycles, the diesel engine gradually accelerates into operation under the inertia of the flywheel.
When the crankshaft of the diesel engine rotates, it drives the generator to rotate and generate electricity. The generator includes a DC generator and an AC generator.
2、 Principle
DC generator is mainly composed of generator casing, magnetic pole iron core, magnetic field coil, armature and carbon brush.
Working power generation principle: when the diesel engine drives the generator armature to rotate, the armature coil will cut the magnetic line of force in the magnetic field because of the remanence of the magnetic pole iron core of the generator. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, the current is generated by magnetic induction and output through the carbon brush.
The alternator is mainly composed of a number of permanent magnets (called rotors) with alternating north and south poles made of magnetic materials and armature coils (called stators) made of silicon cast iron and wound with a number of groups of series coils. Working power generation principle: the rotor is driven by the diesel engine to cut the magnetic line axially. The alternating magnetic field is formed in the coil iron core by the alternating magnetic poles in the stator. When the rotor rotates for one circle, the direction and size of the magnetic flux are changed for many times. Due to the transformation of the magnetic field, the induced current with both large and small directions will be generated in the coil and the current will be transmitted by the stator coil.
In order to protect the electrical equipment and maintain its normal operation, the current generated by the generator also needs to be regulated and controlled by the regulator.